Were Jamie Bulger’s
killers too young at 10 years to fully understand what they did? Maggie
Atkinson, the Children’s Commissioner of England, believes they were and has
called for the age of criminal responsibility to be set at 12 rather than 10.
Her words – expressed in an interview with The Times at the weekend –
come during a particularly difficult time for the family of Jamie Bulger, as Jon
Venables has been in the news recently, once again stirring up deep feelings. Indeed
Jamie’s mother has called on Atkinson to resign for making what she refers to
as insensitive remarks. We can understand a mother’s anguish but we should also
look beyond the one case and consider seriously Atkinson’s call.
At 10 years in England and Wales, the age of criminal
responsibility is one of the lowest in Europe. In Scotland they are raising it to
12 from 8. It was raised from 8 in England and Wales in 1963 – but the law
presumed that anyone younger than 14 years did not know the difference between
‘right and wrong’. In the late 90s this distinction was dropped thus, making
primary school children on a par with fully matured adults where criminal
responsibility is concerned. Is this right?
In no other sphere of
life can a 10 year old be considered on a par with adults. They cannot be in
full time employment; cannot join the armed forces; cannot vote; cannot marry
and so on. And surely no one would call for changes in any of these areas.
Children at primary school would not be considered mature enough to take any of
the above responsibilities. So why do we differentiate when it comes to
criminal acts? Of course we understand that a child is capable of carrying out
an act that is contrary to law and that those acts can be brutal in the
extreme. But can we be sure that they fully understood – in a way that we would
expect a mature adult to understand – what they were doing and what the
consequences would be?
Other European countries
have their minimum age higher – some far higher – than ours: it is 12
in the Netherlands, 13 in France, 14
in Germany, 15 in Sweden and Italy, 16
in Spain and 18 in Belgium. Surely it is
time to look again at our own policy.
What do you think?